Labor Disputes Essay

hollow Disputes includes any controversy or matter concerning terms or conditions of employment or the association or representation of persons in negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing or arranging the terms and d conditions of employment, regardless or whether the disputants put up in the proximate relation of employer and employee. (Art. 212)Remedies in dig DisputesA.Grievance Procedurein-house adjustment of complaint, problem, or quarrel pastime the steps prescribed in CBA or company policy.B.Conciliation (literally means to draw together) a carry out where a disinterested third party meets with watchfulness and advertise, at their request or otherwise, during a crusade dispute or in embodied bargaining conferences, and, by cooling tempers, aids in hit an agreement.C.Mediation (literally means to be in the middle) a third party studies each side of the dispute then makes proposal for the disputants to consider. But a mediator, like a conciliator, can non extrad ite an loot or render a decision they do not adjudicate. Conciliation and mediation, usually combined, are done primarily by Conciliators-Mediators of the National Conciliation and Mediation board.D.Enforcement or compliance order an performance of the Secretary of Labor (through regional Director or the representative) in the exercise of his visitorial or administrative authority to enforce labor laws, policies, plans, or programs, or rules and regulations (Art. 128).E.Certification of bargaining representatives determination of which contending unions shall represent employees in collective bargaining. This is handling by Med-Arbiters of DOLE regional Offices after certification of consent elections.F.Arbitration the submission of a dispute to an impartial person for determination on the basis of evidence and arguments of the parties. Arbitration, unlike conciliation or mediation, is adjudication and the arbitrators decision or award is enforceable upon the disputants. A dis pute pending in arbitration cannot be a ground for fill or lockout to do so will be a sabotage of the arbitration process. Section 3. obligate 211 of the same Code, as revise by Executive Order none 111, is hereby further amended to read as follows Article 211.Declaration of policy. A. It is the policy of the State (a) To promote and emphasize the primacy of gratuitous collective bargaining and negotiations, including willing arbitration, mediation and conciliation, as modes of settling labor or industrial disputes (b) To promote free trade unionism as an instrument for the enhancement of democracy and the promotion of social justice and festering (c) To foster the free and voluntary organisation of a strong and united labor movement (d) To promote the enlightenment of workers concerning their disciplines and obligations as union members and as employees (e) To provide adequate administrative machinery for the expeditious settlement of labor or industrial disputes (f) To e nsure a stable but dynamic and just industrial public security and (g) To ensure the participation of workers in decision and policy-making processes affecting their rights, duties and welfare. B. To encourage a truly parliamentary method of regulating the relations between the employers and employees by means of agreements freely entered into through collective bargaining, no court or administrative agency or formalised shall have the power to set or fix wages, rates of pay, hours of work or other terms and conditions of employment, except as otherwise provided under(a) this Code. Sec. 4. Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Philippines, as amended, is further amended to read as follows Article 212. Definitions. (a) relegating means the National Labor dealings Commission or any of its divisions, as the case whitethorn be, as provided under this Code. (b) Bureau means the Bureau of Labor Relations and/or the Labor Relations Divisions in the regional offices established under Presidential Decree none 1, in the Department Labor. (c) Board means the National Conciliation and Mediation Board established under Executive Order No. 126. (d) Council means the Tripartite Voluntary Arbitration Advisory Council established under Executive Order No. 126, as amended. (e) Employer includes any person acting in the interest of an employer, directly or indirectly. The term shall not include any labor organization or any of its incumbents or agents except when acting as employer. (f) Employee includes any person in the employ of an employer. The term shall not be limited to the employees of a feature employer, unless this Code so explicitly states. It shall include any individual whose work has ceased as a turn out of or in connection with any current labor dispute or because of any cheating(prenominal) labor practice if he has not obtained any other substantially equivalent and regular employment. (g) Labor organization means any union or association of employees which exists in whole or in part for the purpose of collective bargaining or of dealing with employers concerning terms and conditions of employment. (h) Legitimate labor organization means any labor organization duly registered with the Department of Labor and Employment, and includes any branch or local thereof. (i) Company union means any labor organization whose information, function or political science has been assisted by any act defined as unfair labor practice by this Code. (j) Bargaining representative means a legitimate labor organization or any officer or agent of such organization whether or not employed by the employer. (k) Unfair labor practice means any unfair labor practice as expressly defined by this Code. (l) Labor dispute includes any controversy or matter concerning terms or conditions of employment or the association or representation of persons in negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing or arranging the terms and conditions of employment, regardless of wh ether, the disputants conduct in the proximate relation of employer and employee. (m) Managerial employee is one who is vested with powers or prerogatives to lay down and execute management policies and/or to hire, transfer, suspend, lay-off, recall, discharge, assign or discipline employees. Supervisory employees are those who, in the interest of the employer, effectively recommend such managerial actions if the exercise of such authority is not merely routinary or clerical in nature but requires the use of independent judgment. All employees not falling within any of the preceding(prenominal) definitions are considered rank-and-file employees for purposes of this Book. (n) Voluntary Arbitrator means any person accredited by the Board as such, or any person named or designated in the collective bargaining agreement by the parties to act as their voluntary arbitrator, or one chosen, with or without the assistance of the National Conciliation and Mediation Board, pursuant(predicat e) to a selection procedure agreed upon in the collective bargaining agreement, or any official that may be authorized by the Secretary of Labor and Employment to act as voluntary arbitrator upon the written request and agreement of the parties to a labor dispute. (o) Strike means any transitory stoppage of work by the concerted action of employees as a result of an industrial or labor dispute. (p) Lockout means the temporary refusal of an employer to furnish work as a result of an industrial or labor dispute. (q) Internal union dispute includes all disputes or grievances arising from any violation of or dissimilarity over any provision of the constitution and by-laws of a union, including, any violation of the rights and conditions of union membership provided for in this Code. (r) Strike-breaker means any person who obstructs, impedes, or interferes with by force, violence, coercion, threats or intimidation any peaceful picketing by employees during any labor controversy affecti ng wages, hours or conditions of work or in the exercise of the right of self-organization or collective bargaining. (s) Strike area means the establishment, warehouses, depots, plants or offices, including the sites or premises employ as runaway shops, of the employer struck against, as well as the immediate vicinity actually employ by picketing strikers in moving to and fro before all points of entrance to and exit from said establishment.